Umunsi wa Diyabete ya Loni | Irinde Diyabete, Teza Imibereho myiza

Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo 2025, hizihizwa umunsi wa 19 w’umuryango w’abibumbye Diyabete, ufite insanganyamatsiko yamamaza “Diyabete n’ubuzima bwiza”. Ishimangira gushyira ubuzima bwiza ku bantu barwaye diyabete ishingiro rya serivisi zita ku barwayi ba diyabete, bigatuma abarwayi bishimira ubuzima bwiza.

Ku isi hose, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 589 bakuze (bafite hagati ya 20-79) barwaye diyabete, bangana na 11.1% (1 kuri 9) bo muri iki cyiciro. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 252 (43%) ntibaramenyekana, bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura nibibazo. Biteganijwe ko umubare w'abantu barwaye diyabete uzagera kuri miliyoni 853 mu 2050, ukiyongera 45%.

Indwara ya Etiologiya na Clinical Ubwoko bwa Diyabete

Diyabete ni uruhererekane rwa syndromes ya metabolike irimo isukari, proteyine, ibinure, amazi, na electrolytite, biterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye zitera indwara nka genetique, indwara z'umubiri, indwara ziterwa na mikorobe n'uburozi bwabo, uburozi bukabije bwa radical, hamwe n'ibitekerezo bikora ku mubiri. Izi ngingo zitera imikorere mibi ya islet, kurwanya insuline, nibindi mubuvuzi, irangwa cyane na hyperglycemia. Indwara zisanzwe zirashobora kugaragara hamwe na polyuriya, polydipsia, polifagia, no kugabanya ibiro, bizwi nkibimenyetso bya "polys eshatu nigihombo kimwe". Yashyizwe mubyiciro bya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, diyabete yo mu nda, n'ubundi bwoko bwa diyabete.

Kumenya Diabete Biomarkers

Islet autoantibodies ni ibimenyetso byokwirinda indwara ziterwa na pancreatic β selile kandi ni ibimenyetso byingenzi byo gusuzuma diyabete ya autoimmune. Antibodiyite ya glutamic decarboxylase (GAD), antibodiyite ya tyrosine fosifata (IA-2A), antibodiyite ya insuline (IAA), hamwe na antibodiyite zo mu bwoko bwa islet (ICA) ni ibimenyetso byerekana ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugira ngo tumenye diyabete.

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko gutahura bishobora kuzamura igipimo cya diyabete ya autoimmune. Umubare munini wa antibodi nziza ugaragara hakiri kare, niko ibyago byumuntu byihuta byihuta kuri diyabete yubuvuzi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana:

● Abantu bafite antibodiyite eshatu cyangwa zirenga bafite ibyago> 50% byo kwandura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 mugihe cyimyaka 5.

● Abantu bafite antibodi ebyiri nziza bafite ibyago 70% byo kwandura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 mu myaka 10, 84% mu myaka 15, naho hafi 100% bakagera kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 nyuma yimyaka 20 babikurikiranye.

● Abantu bafite antibody imwe nziza bafite ibyago 14.5% gusa byo kwandura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 mumyaka 10.

Nyuma yo kugaragara kwa antibodi nziza, igipimo cyo gutera imbere ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 gifitanye isano nubwoko bwa antibodi nziza, imyaka yo kugaragara kwa antibody, igitsina, na genotype ya HLA.

Beier itanga ibizamini bya Diyabete Yuzuye

Uburyo bwa diyabete yibicuruzwa bya Beier birimo Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) hamwe na Enzyme-ihuza Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Kumenyekanisha hamwe bifasha biomarkers bifasha kuvumburwa hakiri kare, gucunga ubuzima hakiri kare, no kuvura diyabete hakiri kare, bityo bikazamura ibipimo byubuzima bwabantu.

Reba:

1. Amabwiriza yo gusuzuma no kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 mu Bushinwa (integuro 2021) [J]. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa cya Diyabete Mellitus, 2022, 14 (11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760 / cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.

2. Impuguke zumvikanyeho mu gusuzuma no gutabara abarwayi ba diyabete bafite ibyago byinshi mu Bushinwa. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa gishinzwe ubuzima, 2022, 16 (01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760 / cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.